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Welcome sir you asked me to spend a few minutes welcoming you because you've come to realize a dream I've had since 1977 that someday mathematicians statistical physicists neuro scientists would come together and in a clinically relevant way talk together and share the same kind of information and I think this conference is a wonderful realization of that sir he asked me to share a couple of early memories I fell into this as a train cycling loss and psychiatrist I fell into this area by accident I was working on the kinetics of tyrosine hydroxylase it makes dopamine and norepinephrine in rat brain and we used cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin which was necessary for the enzyme activity and we use it in concentrations that made the nice saturation curve hyperbolic saturation curve work and one day I asked one of my postdocs I wonder what the real concentration of tetrahydrobiopterin isn't brain and no one had a technique at that time he developed a double enzyme assay the damn if if we weren't working somewhere hundred times higher and brain levels so then I said well let's look at the enzyme kinetics at this other brain level at the real brain and it started to behave in such a way that I couldn't even understand it had multiple saturation plateaus and when I try to get a time equilibrium measures over time it fluctuated wildly wildly wildly didn't know what to do with this but by accident about a week later I was at a dinner party in new york and sitting next to me was a fellow who was really knowledgeable opera and about wine and about everything and accidentally we got into the discussion of measures in mathematics it turns out of course that was Mandelbrot well he covered the tablecloth for discussions so i took out i imitated the chaotic curve i got oops I gave away the answer chaotic curve I God and he said gannets I says those aren't oscillations they are not regular they were very regular but what's going on he says well that's a fractal curve I said what he says yeah it has about a dimension of 1.6 I said what does hit dimension of 1.6 meeting well that started it off and I sort of abandoned my psychiatry and a Don Quixote trip to Berkeley to talk to Steve snail I had a my treatment was a Fields Medal winner at UCSD was tutoring me I got invited to spend a year and a half in France with Renee Tom and David well at my vacation theory I was studying and studying and I went to work math Institute to say orthotic theory and like schlessinger ahead of our physics was tutoring me in in statistical non-finite variance statistical physics and I had this rich trove and I returned to my laboratory which was doing Rana mean levels and enzymology and single units and EEG and rat behavior and so forth and I began to use some of the measures that I had learned about I went to see ornstein at Stanford who said there was only one measure of all complex behavior and that was entropy and I asked him how do you compute that he said I have no idea anyway that...